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Over Lite shoulder <br />Twisting... <br />While feeding brush into the chipper <br />While positioning in a bucket or a tree <br />While dragging brush, reaching, using long poles <br />From sudden slips due to poor ground conditions <br />On slippery equipment in snow or rain <br />Jumping... <br />Off truck bed or out of truck cab <br />Over fences <br />Off ladders <br />Out of trees <br />Pulling... <br />Ropes hangers <br />Trees, on removals <br />Muscle strains and sprains -soft tissue injuries -cause most arborists' back problems. These are temporary injuries. More <br />important, strains and sprains usually precede more serious, chronic and debilitating injuries to the ligaments, discs and <br />vertebrae. In a sense, soft tissue injuries are warning signals that more serious, permanent injury could occur. Therefore, <br />your back -injury prevention program should focus on preventing strains and sprains. <br />Preventive measures <br />Arborists can keep their backs healthy with stretching and exercise, by knowing how the back works, and by using simple <br />lifting techniques. <br />Here are attainable objectives for your company's back injury prevention program: <br />Provide continuous training for all employees to raise their awareness of how the back can be injured. <br />Develop action steps employees can use to detect and eliminate conditions likely to cause back injury- see this program's <br />sections on hazard reporting (16), safety committees (23), job hazard assessment (15) and job briefings (17). <br />Motivate employees to take responsibility for back safety at work and at home. <br />Page 67 of 87 <br />