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SAND DUNES. Naturally occurring accumulations of sand in ridges or mounds landward of the <br />beach. <br />SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA. An area in the floodplain subject to a one percent or greater <br />chance of flooding in any given year. Special flood hazard areas are shown on FIRMs as Zone A, <br />AO, Al -A30, AE, A99, AH, V1 -V30, VE or V. [Also defined in FBC, B Section 202.1 <br />START OF CONSTRUCTION. The date of issuance of permits for new construction and substantial <br />improvements, provided the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, <br />addition, placement, or other improvement is within 180 days of the date of the issuance. The <br />actual start of construction means either the first placement of permanent construction of a <br />building (including a manufactured home) on a site, such as the pouring of slab or footings, the <br />installation of piles, or the construction of columns. <br />Permanent construction does not include land preparation (such as clearing, grading, or <br />filling), the installation of streets or walkways, excavation for a basement, footings, piers, <br />or foundations, the erection of temporary forms or the installation of accessory buildings <br />such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main buildings. <br />For a substantial improvement, the actual "start of construction" means the first <br />alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor or other structural part of a building, whether or not <br />that alteration affects the external dimensions of the building. [Also defined in FBC, B <br />Section 202.] <br />SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE. Damage of any origin sustained by a building or structure whereby the <br />cost of restoring the building or structure to its before -damaged condition would equal or exceed <br />50 percent of the market value of the building or structure before the damage occurred. [Also <br />defined in FBC, B Section 202.1 <br />SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT. Any combination of repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, <br />alteration, addition, or other improvement of a building or structure taking place during a ten- <br />year period, the cumulative cost of which equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of <br />the building or structure before the improvement or repair is started. The period of accumulation <br />begins when the first improvement or repair of each building is permitted subsequent to July 15, <br />1999. If the structure has incurred "substantial damage," any repairs are considered substantial <br />improvement regardless of the actual repair work performed. The term does not, however, <br />include either: [Also defined in FBC, B, Section 202.] <br />(1) Any project for improvement of a building required to correct existing health, sanitary, or <br />safety code violations identified by the building official and that are the minimum necessary <br />to assure safe living conditions. <br />(2) Any alteration of a historic structure provided the alteration will not preclude the structure's <br />continued designation as a historic structure. <br />