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... o · Uncontrolled Open Incineration: Uncontrolled open incineration is the least desirable method of volume reduction because it lacks environmental control. However, in the haste to make progress, the Department of Natural Resources may issue waivers to allow this method of reduction early in a disaster. · Controlled Open Incineration: Controlled open incineration is a cost-effective method for reducing clean woody debris in rural areas. This option must be terminated if mixed debris such as treated lumber, poles, nails, bolts, tin, and aluminum sheeting enters the waste flow. Clean woody tree debris presents little environmental damage and the resulting ash can be used as a soil additive by the local agricultural community. Department of Agriculture and county agricultural extension personnel should be consulted to determine if and how the resulting ash can be recycled as a soil additive. Responsible agencies and telephone numbers should be provided to TAG should City officials choose this method. · Air Curtain Pit Incineration: Air curtain pit incineration offers an effective means to expedite the volume reduction process by substantially reducing the environmental concerns caused by open incineration. Specifications and statements of work will be developed to expedite the proper use of the systems and ensure the City if the knowledge of air curtain incineration by TAG. · Refractor Lined Pit Incineration: Pre-manufactured refractory lined pit burners are an alternative to air curtain open pit incineration. The units can be erected on site in a minimal amount of time. Some are portable and some are built in place. The units are especially suited for location with high water tables, sandy soil, or where materials are not available to build above ground pits. The engineered features designed into the units allow for a reduction of approximately 95% with minimum air pollution. The air curtain traps smoke and small particles and re-circulates them to enhance combustion that reaches over 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit. Manufacturers claim that combustion rates of about 25 tons per hour are achievable while still meeting emission standards. . Local officials, environmental groups, and local citizens should be thoroughly briefed on the type of incineration method being used, how the systems work, environmental standards, health issues, and the risk associated with each type of incineration. A proactive public information strategy to include press releases and media broadcasts should be included in any operation that envisions incineration as a primary means of volume reduction. o Environmental Controls o Environmental controls are essential for all incineration methods, and the following will be considered: · A setback of at least 1,000 feet will be maintained between the debris piles and the incineration area. There will be at least 1,000 feet between the incineration area and the nearest building. Fencing and warning signs will be used to keep public away from the incineration area. · The fire will be extinguished approximately two hours before anticipated removal of the ash mound. The ash mound will be removed when it reaches 2 feet below the lip on the incineration pit. . The incineration area will be placed in an above ground or below ground pit, depending on the site, that is no wider that 8 feet and between 9 and 14 feet deep. · The incineration pits will be constructed with limestone and reinforced with earth anchors or wire mesh to support the weight of the loaders. There will be a 1-foot impervious layer of clay or limestone on the bottom of the pit to seal the ash from the aquifier. · The ends of the pit will be sealed with dirt or ash to a height of 4 feet. · A 12-inch dirt seal will be placed on the lip of the incineration pit area to seal the blower nozzle. The nozzle will be 3 to 6 inches from the end of the pit.