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FIELD SCIENCE IF THE PLAYING SURFACE IS VERY COMPRESSIBLE THEN THE PLAYER MAY ACTUALLY STRIKE THE BASE (CRUSHED STONE, ASPHALT OR CONCRETE) DURING THE IMPACT. Table 1. Examples of Some limited warranties on field hardness for as long as 8 years. It is Typical Gmax values important to test a field shortly after completion,preferably within 30 ® (based on ASTM F-355, Proc. A). days. to get baseline hardness values, then perform annual or bi- annual testing to monitor changes. Annual field hardness testing and documentation is also crucial in Gymnastics mat 30 to 60 the event of a player injury. All parties involved in the construction Infill synthetic system with 100% rubber 80 to 100 and maintenance of the field could be held liable for the injury. Being and shock pad able to provide written documentation of your hardness monitoring Infill synthetic system with 100%rubber 90 to 125 and maintenance programs will show your efforts in reducing any and no shock pad foreseeable risk to the players. This is especially important now that Uncompacted,pristine natural turf field 100 to 130 standard procedures have been adopted for monitoring the hardness of synthetic and natural turf playing fields. A maximum hardness Traditional carpeted synthetic field with 100 to 150 threshold value has been adopted for synthetic fields. pad on asphalt Infill synthetic system with 75%: 105 to 145 What affects hardness? 25%rubber:sand The hardness of the playing surface is dependent on many things. In Infill synthetic system with 50%: 120 to 160 synthetic turf systems it is dependent upon the type of carpet and 50%rubber:sand infill,the presence or absence of a shock pad below the carpet.and the type of base the carpet is laid on. Carpet fiber height and densi- lnfill synthetic system with 25%: 160 to 185 ty affect shock absorbency to a certain extent. but the amount and 75%rubber:sand type of infill material is more critical. Infill synthetic system with 100%sand 160 to 185 Infill materials are composed of either crumb rubber or a crumb Carpeting and padding over wood 200 to 300 rubber: sand combination and shock absorbency goes up as the amount of crumb rubber in the infill mix goes up. Placing a rubber Football helmet may fail impact energy >300 shock pad between the carpet backing and the base material can management - greatly increase the shock absorbency of the system. These rubber High density rubber floor mat on concrete floor 300 to 400 pads come in various thicknesses with a 10mm thickness being Compacted or frozen natural turf to 500 common.A good shock pad can even allow for more sand in the infill mix without a reduction in shock absorbency.This sand can make for ` Concrete floor > 1000 / a firmer and faster playing surface. which many athletes prefer. 10 May 2006 www.greenmediaonline.com