HomeMy WebLinkAboutSection 02200 Earthwork
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SECTION 02200 EARTHWORK
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01 SCOPE:
A. Summary of Work: The CONTRACTOR shall furnish all labor, equipment, and
materials for all excavating, trenching, filling, embankment of construction,
backfilling, compacting, grading and all related items of earthwork necessary to
complete the work indicated or specified.
1. 02050 Demolition
2. 02110 Clearing and Land Preparation
3. 02220 Excavation and Backfilling
4. 02221 Trenching, Backfilling and Compacting
5. 02401 Dewatering and Cofferedam
1.02 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS:
A. American Society of Testing Materials, (ASTM):
1. D698-00a – Standard Test Methods for Laboratory compaction Characteristics
of Soil Using the Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)).
2. D1557-00 - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory compaction Characteristics
of Soil Using the Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)).
3. D2487-00 – Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
4. D4253-00 – Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table.
5. D4254-00 – Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density.
B. Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)
1. "Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction," latest edition,
(FDOT).
C. Miscellaneous Project Data:
1. Subsurface soil data logs are provided for the CONTRACTOR’s reference.
1.03 DEFINITIONS:
A. Select Fill: Select Backfill shall be clean material free from organic material, clods,
and stones greater than 3 inches. Select backfill shall be used for all backfilling
operations, unless otherwise indicated on the Drawings.
B. Random Fill: Random Backfill shall be clean material free from organic material,
clods, and stones greater than 4 inches. Random backfill shall be used for all
backfilling operations unless otherwise indicated on the Drawings.
C. Unclassified Fill: Unclassified Fill shall be material used to bring areas to grade
where there is no potential for slope erosion and the fill will not support a structure of
critical function. Unclassified backfill shall be placed as shown on the Drawings.
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1.04 SUBMITTALS: The Contractor shall submit cross-sections for record purposes for canal
excavations and levee embankments as described in this Section.
1.05 QUALIFICATIONS: (Not Used)
1.06 RESPONSIBILITIES: (Not Used)
1.07 CERTIFICATIONS AND TESTINGS: Field density tests in accordance with ASTM
Standards, for each type of material used in backfilling may be required. Failure to meet
the specified density will require the CONTRACTOR to recompact and retest, at his own
expense, those areas directed by the ENGINEER
1.08 INSPECTION COORDINATION: The CONTRACTOR shall provide access to the WORK
for the ENGINEER as requested for inspection. The Contractor shall provide 48 hours
notice of its intention to begin new WORK activities.
1.09 WARRANTY: (Not Used)
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS ENCOUNTERED:
A. The CONTRACTOR shall consider all materials encountered in excavations,
excluding peat unless the quantities are less than 25 percent of the total volume, as
suitable for use in random fill, providing that they consist of two or more well graded
soils to achieve the required compaction as specified in this SECTION.
B. The CONTRACTOR shall use only material that is free of debris, roots, and organic
matter in select fill areas. Peat materials are not suitable for use in select fill.
1. Cohesionless materials include gravels, gravel-sand mixtures, sands, and
gravelly sands generally exclusive of clayey and silty material - materials which
are free-draining and for which impact compaction will not produce a well-
defined moisture-density relationship curve and for which the maximum density
by impact methods will generally be less than by vibratory methods.
2. Cohesive materials include silts and clays generally exclusive of sands and
gravel - materials for which impact compaction will produce a well-defined
moisture-density relationship curve.
C. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish materials for each type of fill indicated.
1. Select backfill: Select Backfill shall be material that is well graded, free of
debris, roots, organic matter and peat. Select backfill shall be material
excavated for the WORK (native) or may be imported. The CONTRACTOR
may blend native materials to achieve a material that meets the requirements
for Select Backfill. Select backfill shall be free from seeds of nuisance or exotic
species. Select Backfill shall meet the following Unified Soil Classification
System (ASTM D2487) designations:
a. Select Backfill: CL, ML, SC, SW, SP, SM
2. Random Backfill: Random backfill shall be material that is well graded, free of
debris, roots, organic matter and peat. Random backfill shall be material
excavated for the WORK (native) or may be imported. The CONTRACTOR
may blend native materials to achieve a material that meets the requirements
for Random Backfill. Random backfill shall be free from seeds of nuisance or
exotic species. Random Backfill shall meet the following Unified Soil
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Classification System (ASTM D2487) designations in addition to the
classifications identified for Select Backfill: CH.
3. Unclassified Backfill: Material excavated for the WORK of imported that can be
compacted to the required density. Unclassified backfill shall be free for seeds
of nuisance or exotic species.
D. The CONTRACTOR shall consider all materials encountered, regardless of type,
character, composition and condition thereof unclassified other than as indicated
above. The CONTRACTOR shall estimate the quantity of various materials included
prior to submitting Bid Form. Rock encountered shall be handled at no additional
cost to CITY.
PART 3 - EXECUTION:
3.01 SITE PREPARATION:
A. Clearing and Demolition: The CONTRACTOR shall perform clearing and demolition
as specified in SECTION 02050 Demolition and SECTION 02110 Clearing and Land
Preparation.
3.02 EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING:
A. Trenching for Pipes: The CONTRACTOR shall perform trenching for pipes as shown,
required and specified in accordance with SECTION 02221.
B. Sheeting and Bracing: The CONTRACTOR shall provide sheeting and bracing as
required or shown in accordance with the following provisions.
1. Use when required by the specifications or drawings and where resulting
slopes from excavation or trenching might endanger in-place or proposed
structures.
2. Provide materials on site prior to start of excavation. Adjust spacing and
arrangement as required by conditions encountered.
3. Remove sheeting and bracing as backfill progresses. Fill voids left after
withdrawal with sand or other approved material.
4. Comply with all applicable sections of OSHA.
5. Comply with all requirements of the Florida Trench Safety Law as specified in
the GENERAL CONDITIONS.
C. Blasting is not allowed under this contract.
D. Excavation for Structures: The CONTRACTOR shall perform excavation for
structures as shown, required and specified below:
1. Excavate area adequate to permit efficient erection and removal of forms.
2. Trim to neat lines where details call for concrete to be deposited against earth.
3. Excavate by hand in areas where space and access will not permit use of
machines.
4. Notify the ENGINEER immediately when excavation has reached the depth
indicated.
5. Restore bottom of excavation to proper elevation with concrete in areas over
excavated.
6. Conform to the requirements of SECTION 02221
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3.03 BACKFILLING:
A. Pipe Embedment and Backfill: The CONTRACTOR shall perform pipe embedment
and backfill as required, shown and specified in accordance with SECTION 02221.
B. Structures: The CONTRACTOR shall perform backfilling for structures in
accordance with the following:
C. Structure backfill shall be constructed using material suitable for use in select fill,
except that stones or rocks greater than two inches in any dimension shall not be
placed within 12 inches of the structure. Lifts shall not exceed 12 inches.
1. Structure backfill shall be compacted to 98 percent maximum dry density.
2. Backfill only after concrete has attained 70 percent design strength.
3. Backfill adjacent to structures only after a sufficient portion of the structure has
been built to resist the imposed load.
4. Remove all debris from excavation prior to placement of material.
5. Place backfill in level layers of thickness within compacting ability of equipment
used.
6. Perform backfilling simultaneously on all sides of structures.
D. Unclassified Backfill shall be placed in 12-inch lifts to the lines and grades shown on
the drawings or as approved by the ENGINEER. The CONTRACTOR shall compact
unclassified backfill to a density approximating the density of surrounding native
material and in a manner that will not allow settlement of the completed area.
3.04 MAINTENANCE:
A. The CONTRACTOR shall protect newly graded areas from actions of the elements.
B. The CONTRACTOR shall fill, repair and re-establish grades to the required
elevations and slopes for any area that shows settling or erosion occurring prior to
seeding .
END OF SECTION