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15 <br /> <br />EXCAVATIONS DEFINITIONS & RULES <br /> <br /> <br />DEFINITIONS <br /> <br />Allowable slope - The steepest incline of an excavation face that is allowable as <br />protection against cave -ins. <br /> <br />Cohesive, Fine-Grained Soil - Soil that does not crumble, can be molded when <br />moist, is hard to break up when dry, and be excavated with vertical side slopes. <br /> <br />Hazardous atmosphere - An atmosphere that is potentially explosive, <br />flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygen deficient, toxic or otherwise <br />harmful. <br /> <br />Hydraulic aluminum Shoring - a pre-engineered shoring system of aluminum <br />hydraulic cylinders used in conjunction with vertical rails or horizontal rails. <br /> <br />Sheeting - The panels of a shoring system that hold the earth in position. <br /> <br />Trench Box - A protective system used in an excavation to keep dirt from caving <br />into the excavation. <br /> <br />Type-A Soil - Cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons <br />per square foot (tsf) or greater. Examples are clay, silty clay, sandy clay, and cemented soils <br />(such as caliche or hardpan). No soil is Type-A if: <br />• The soil is fissured; <br />• The soil is subject to vibration for heavy traffic, pile driving or similar effects; <br />• The soil has been previously disturbed; <br />• The soil is part of a sloped layered system where the layers deep into the <br />excavation on a slope are of 4 horizontals to 1 vertical (4H:1V) or greater; or <br />• The material is subjected to other factors that would require it to be classified as <br />a less stable material. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />