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conform to the “Monitoring Standards for Beach Erosion Control” as published by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Beach and Coastal Systems, Cutting Edge Technical Approach McKim & Creed understands the City’s need for quality, effective solutions to beach erosion, storm preparation/response, and other coastal issues. McKim & Creed takes an innovative approach to coastal mapping, utilizing cutting edge survey technology. In addition to all conventional hydrographic/ topographic services, our advanced methodologies include services such as aerial LiDAR and UAS-based mapping. A LiDAR system measures distances directly from the sensor to the objects being mapped using laser ranging. LiDAR is an abbreviated, industry-accepted term for “light detection and ranging,” and a LiDAR sensor can be mounted to a tripod (terrestrial LiDAR), vehicle (mobile LiDAR), or aircraft (aerial LiDAR). The result of a LiDAR survey is a complete 3D point cloud and accurate model of the area being scanned. A LiDAR survey provides value beyond that of a conventional survey. The laser has a narrow beam which, when using Multi Pulse in Air (MPIA) technology, means that it can penetrate gaps in the vegetation to reach ground or other detail typically not visible from other survey systems. This penetration allows for the accurate determination of ground levels in vegetated areas. The laser also reflects off above-ground objects, giving positions and heights of pipelines, power line conductors, vegetation, buildings, fences, and other features, and developing a rich three-dimensional picture of the survey area. In aerial LiDAR, a mirror oscillating in an elliptical pattern, perpendicular to the direction of flight, allows the LiDAR system to measure distances up to 20 degrees either side of nadir, resulting in a swath width equal to 70% of the flying height. The oblique scanner pattern allows the LiDAR to see objects from both sides and reduces the shadowing effect seen with scanning systems. The 50 megapixel Hasselblad DigiCAM digital camera captures high-resolution images during the flight. Position and altitude (roll, pitch and heading) data is captured during flight and processed into an accurate trajectory. The trajectory and laser ranges are then processed to produce the digital terrain model. The images are converted to digital ortho-photos. The value of this three-dimensional model is illustrated in the figures below. These figures include example screen shots from an aerial-LiDAR survey recently completed by McKim & Creed in Sea Bright, New Jersey. The survey supported the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in their efforts to restore the beach to its condition prior to Hurricane Sandy.