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S\.::, '.' i .'L c~; Police Facilities Impact Fee Summary Figure 18 provides a summary of the LOS standards used to calculate impact fees for police facilities (see the boxed area at the top of the table). The LOS standards include Average Weekday Vehicle Trip Ends from the reference book, Trip Generation, published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE, 6th edition, 1997). A "trip end" represents a vehicle either entering or exiting a development (as if a traffic counter were placed across a driveway). For development types not shown below, Sunny Isles Beach staff may use the most appropriate rates from the ITE manual, or rates from approved local transportation studies. In the impact fee calculations, trip generation rates are adjusted to avoid double counting each trip at both the origin and destination points. For Office/Institutional and Industrial development, the trip adjustment factor is 50%. For Commercial/Shopping Center development, the trip adjustment factor ranges from 22-32% depending on the floor area of the development. The trip adjustment factor is less than 50% because retail uses attract vehicles as they pass by on arterial and collector roads. For example, when someone stops at a convenience store on the way home from work, the convenience store is not the primary destination. For a small-size shopping center of 50,000 square feet of floor area, the ITE manual indicates that on average 48% of the vehicles that enter are passing by on their way to some other primary destination. The remaining 52% of attraction trips have the shopping center as their primary destination. Because attraction trips are half of all trips, the trip adjustment factor is 52% multiplied by 50%, or approximately 26% of the trip ends. The data contained in Trip Generation (see Table VII-l of the 5th edition, 1991) indicates there is an inverse relationship between Shopping center size and pass-by trips. Therefore, appropriate trip adjustment factors have been derived for each category of shopping center size used in the impact fee calculations. 19 Tischler & Associates, Inc.