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D. Control the grading in and adjacent to excavations to prevent water running into excavated areas or onto adjacent properties or public thoroughfares. E. Furnish and operate suitable pumps on a 24-hour basis to keep excavations free of water until piping has been placed and backfilling has been completed. F. No water shall be allowed to rise over masonry or mortar until the concrete or mortar has set at least 24 hours. 3.05 BACKFILLING A. Do not start backfilling until piping has been inspected. B. Ensure trenches are free of building debris, muck, wood, rocks, over 2-inches in diameter and water. C. Backfill systematically and as early as possible to allow maximum time for natural settlement and compaction. D. After backfill has reached a point one foot above the top of the pipe, a variation in the procedure as to manner of placing and amount of compaction of fill will be allowed, depending upon the location of the work and danger from subsequent settlement, as follows: 1. For backfilling in unimproved areas (along utility easements and in parkway strip beyond the edge of driveways and graveled parking areas): From an elevation of one foot above top of pipe to the surface of the ground, backfill may be deposited by backhoe, bulldozer, or other suitable equipment. Depositing in 12-inch layers and compacting to 95% minimum density in accordance with AASHTO T-99. All surplus excavated materials shall be disposed of by the Contractor at his expense unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. 2. For backfilling beneath driveways and parking areas, alleys, and streets where non-rigid type surfacing is to be replaced: This shall also include dirt, gravel or cinder driveways and alleys a. The backfill material shall be carefully deposited in uniform layers not to exceed 6 inches in thickness, and each layer shall be compacted to 98% in accordance with AASHTO T-180 with manually-operated machine tampers. b. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the excavated material can be satisfactorily compacted by water jetting, this method may be used. The jetting operation shall be approved by the Engineer. c. In lieu of the foregoing compaction method, the backfill material and procedure used may be that as specified under method 3, below. 3. For backfilling across and beneath driveways, sidewalks, parking areas or streets where a rigid-type paving is to be replaced (concrete and asphaltic concrete and brick surfaces): a. All backfill material shall be approved granular material of high weight and density. The material shall be carefully deposited in uniform layers not to exceed 6 inches thick (loose measure), and 08/12 02221-4 11-4179